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Iberdrola, Norges Bank Ink $1.3 Billion Deal to Develop 1.26 GW Renewables


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					</table><p>Researchers from the <a href="https://www.cityu.edu.hk/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">City University</a> of Hong Kong have invented a multifunctional, non-volatile additive that can regulate the growth of perovskite films and improve the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs).</p>
<p>During the experiments, the new additive boosted power conversion efficiency, reaching 24.8%, with an overall energy loss of 0.36 eV.</p>
<p>The unencapsulated devices also demonstrated improved thermal stability, maintaining 98% of their original efficiency after continuous heating at 65 ± 5°C for over 1,000 hours.</p>
<p>The team also found that this strategy could be applied to different perovskite compositions and large-area devices, highlighting its potential for fabricating scalable and highly efficient PVSCs.</p>
<p>The study was published in <em>Nature Photonics </em>under the title &#8220;Hydrogen-bond-bridged intermediate for perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability.&#8221;</p>
<p>The researchers said this could pave the way for the widespread adoption of PVSCs in commercial applications.</p>
<p>Perovskite solar cells have emerged as a cost-effective and efficient replacement for conventional silicon-based solar cells. They can be deposited from solutions onto the fabrication surfaces, making them suitable for building-integrated photovoltaics, wearable devices, and solar farm applications.</p>
<p>However, the efficiency and stability of PVSCs are affected by defects present at the interfaces and grain boundaries of the perovskites, leading to severe energy loss.</p>
<p>Previous studies have focused on enhancing the morphology and quality of perovskite films using volatile additives.</p>
<p>However, these additives tend to evaporate from the film following annealing, forming a void at the perovskite-substrate interface.</p>
<p>The researchers at CityU said they addressed this challenge by adjusting the perovskite film growth to enhance the film&#8217;s quality.</p>
<p>The team discovered that adding a multifunctional molecule – 4-guanidinobenzoic acid hydrochloride (GBAC) – to the perovskite precursor creates a hydrogen-bond-bridged intermediate phase that alters the crystallization process.</p>
<p>This leads to high-quality perovskite films with large perovskite crystal grains and uniform grain growth from the bottom to the film’s surface.</p>
<p>Additionally, this molecule acts as a defect passivation linker that reduces the defect density of the perovskite film due to its non-volatility, resulting in significantly lower non-radiative recombination loss and improved film quality.</p>
<p>The researchers tested this approach by adding GBAC to the perovskite precursor and found that it significantly reduced the defect density of perovskite films and enhanced their quality.</p>
<p>Various organizations, including CityU, the Innovation and Technology Commission, the Research Grants Council, the Green Tech Fund of the Environment and Ecology Bureau in Hong Kong, the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials supported the study.</p>
<p>Last December, researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute of Solar Energy Systems (ISE) <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/scientists-claim-efficiency-perovskite-silicon-tandem-cell-large-area" target="_blank" rel="noopener">collaborated</a> with industry partners to achieve an efficiency of 22.55% in a perovskite-silicon tandem solar cell measuring over 100 square centimeters.</p>
<p>Earlier in the month, scientists at the Swiss Laboratories for Material Science &amp; Technology, Empa, claimed to have <a href="https://mercomindia.com/silver-tandem-solar-cells-achieve-record-efficiency/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">developed</a> a low-temperature method using silver to produce a bifacial perovskite-copper indium gallium selenide tandem solar cell.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Gautamee Hazarika</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><div class="designboxt">
<p><img class="alignleft" style="border-radius: 50%;height: 50px;margin-top: -4px;border: 1px solid #00b451" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="50" /></p>
<p><strong style="text-decoration: underline">Gautamee,</strong> Staff reporter at Mercom India<br />
<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee.</a></p>
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<div class="authorboxn"><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="102" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">Gautamee</a> is a reporter at Mercom India. Prior to Mercom, Gautamee was working as a multimedia news journalist at ThePrint in New Delhi. She has received her Bachelors in English Honors and Masters in English Literature from St.Stephen&#8217;s College, University of Delhi.<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee</a></div>
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Researchers Say New Additive Improves Perovskite Solar Cell’s Efficiency


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					</table><p>A team of researchers from École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (<a href="https://www.epfl.ch/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EPFL</a>), Switzerland, have developed a method that improves both power conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells based on pure iodide as well as mixed-halide perovskites.</p>
<p>The new approach resulted in power-conversion efficiencies of 24.9% and 21.2% for two perovskite compositions. The team claimed about 90% and 80% of the initial efficiencies were retained after 1,200 and 250 hours of continuous operation, respectively.</p>
<p>“By addressing the critical issue of stability, our results represent an important step towards large-scale practical applications of PSCs,” the researchers said.</p>
<p>The research was carried out by Michael Grätzel and Ursula Rothlisberger at EPFL and led by Essa A. Alharbi and Lukas Pfeifer.</p>
<p><strong>The Problem of Halide Segregation</strong></p>
<p>A major obstacle in commercializing perovskite solar cells is their operational stability, which puts them at a disadvantage. Finding solutions to address this becomes crucial to make perovskite technology a success, especially for solar cells.</p>
<p>The problem outstands with mixed-halide perovskites, which are ideal materials for both tandem solar cells and emission-tunable LEDs because they combine high compositional flexibility with optoelectronic performance.</p>
<p>Mixed-halide perovskites also feature wide bandgaps, an essential property that affects the energy needed for a photovoltaic material to generate electricity.</p>
<p>However, in most mixed-halide perovskites, light can cause a “halide phase segregation,” wherein the ingredients tend to “de-mix” into regions of differing halide content. This segregation inevitably can lead to efficiency problems during the operational lifespan of a solar cell.</p>
<p><strong>Addressing Challenges </strong></p>
<p>The researchers said they used a method to treat perovskite solar cells with two alkylammonium halide modulators that work in synergy to improve solar cell performance.</p>
<p>The modulators are used as passivators &#8212; compounds used to mitigate defects in perovskites &#8212;  which otherwise promote degradation pathways.</p>
<p>In their study, the researchers were able to use the two modulators to stop halide segregation and substantially reduce the drops in power-conversion efficiency seen in the long-term use of perovskite solar cells.</p>
<p>Recently, researchers from Monash University, Australia, in collaboration with the Wuhan University of Technology in China, <a href="https://mercomindia.com/researchers-use-lead-acetate-to-make-perovskite-efficiency/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> they could use lead acetate as a precursor in making formamidinium-caesium perovskite solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 21%.</p>
<p>Earlier in the month, researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, <a href="https://mercomindia.com/iit-roorkee-claim-17-efficiency-perovskite-solar-cells/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> they had successfully developed a prototype of a low-cost, high-quality perovskite solar cell that achieved a stable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.05%.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Gautamee Hazarika</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><div class="designboxt">
<p><img class="alignleft" style="border-radius: 50%;height: 50px;margin-top: -4px;border: 1px solid #00b451" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="50" /></p>
<p><strong style="text-decoration: underline">Gautamee,</strong> Staff reporter at Mercom India<br />
<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee.</a></p>
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<div class="authorboxn"><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="102" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">Gautamee</a> is a reporter at Mercom India. Prior to Mercom, Gautamee was working as a multimedia news journalist at ThePrint in New Delhi. She has received her Bachelors in English Honors and Masters in English Literature from St.Stephen&#8217;s College, University of Delhi.<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee</a></div>
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Swiss Researchers Say Raised Perovskite Cells’ Stability at 24.9% Efficiency

<p>An international team of researchers at the <a href="https://www.pusan.ac.kr/eng/Main.do" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Pusan National University</a>, South Korea, have claimed that they have developed a foldable solar cell that could be integrated into everyday appliances.</p>
<p>Existing solar cells and panels are rigid and flat due to the lack of flexibility of traditional conducting material used in solar cells. This makes it difficult to store solar cells and panels in large numbers and integrate them into everyday appliances like phones, windows, vehicles, and indoor devices.</p>
<p>In a report, the researchers said a thin, flexible, resilient, and transparent conducting material is required to develop a fully foldable solar cell.</p>
<p>Researcher Il Jeon said, “Unlike merely flexible electronics, foldable devices are subject to much harsher deformations, with folding radii as small as 0.5 millimeters. This is not possible with conventional ultra-thin glass substrates and metal oxide transparent conductors, which can be made flexible but never fully foldable.”</p>
<div id="attachment_24728" style="width: 2570px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-24728" decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-24728" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-scaled.jpg" alt="The-Future-of-Solar-Technology" width="2560" height="1509" srcset="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-300x177.jpg 300w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-2000x1179.jpg 2000w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-768x453.jpg 768w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-1536x906.jpg 1536w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-2048x1208.jpg 2048w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-650x383.jpg 650w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-624x368.jpg 624w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/INFOGRAPHIC_The_Future_of_Solar_Technology-600x354.jpg 600w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /><p id="caption-attachment-24728" class="wp-caption-text">International research team creates solar cells with unprecedented flexibility and resistance.</p></div>
<p>To resolve these issues, the researchers developed a solar cell using single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) films because of their high transparency and mechanical resilience.</p>
<p>However, SWNT films require chemical doping as these films struggle to adhere to the substrate surface when force is applied. To address this issue, the researchers implanted the conducting layer into a polyimide (PI) substrate, which fills void spaces in SWNTs.</p>
<p>The researchers introduced small impurities into the SWNT-PI nanocomposite layers to enhance their conductivity to generate more charge for a given amount of current.</p>
<p>The 7-micrometer thick composite film demonstrated around 80% transparency, exceptional resistance to bending, and conversion efficiency of 15.2%. The film could withstand over 10,000 folding cycles too.</p>
<p>“The obtained results are some of the best among those reported thus far for flexible solar cells, both in terms of efficiency and mechanical stability,” Jeon said.</p>
<p>In August 2020, a research team from the University of Michigan <a href="https://mercomindia.com/organic-solar-cells-windows-generate-energy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> they set a new efficiency record for color-neutral, transparent solar cells. Instead of following the conventional silicon-based design, the team had attained 8.1% efficiency and 43% transparency with an organic/carbon-based design. These organic solar cells were compatible with windows that cover the face of most buildings.</p>
<p>Mercom had earlier <a href="https://mercomindia.com/semi-transparent-perovskite-solar-windows/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> that Australian researchers, led by members of the ARC Center of Excellence in Exciton Science, had succeeded in producing semi-transparent perovskite solar cells that generate electricity. This breakthrough could allow for windows in buildings and automobiles to generate electricity.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Harsh Shukla</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Harsh-Shukla-293x300-1-new.jpg" width="99" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong style="color: #00b451">Harsh Shukla</strong> </a>is a staff reporter at Mercom India. Previously with Indian Express, he has covered general interest stories. He holds a Masters Degree in Journalism from Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Pune.</p>
<p><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/">More articles from Harsh Shukla.</a></p>
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A Foldable Solar Cell With Conversion Efficiency of 15.2%

<p>U.K.-based <a href="https://www.faradion.co.uk/about-us/background/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Faradion Ltd</a>, a manufacturer of sodium-ion batteries, has announced a partnership with <a href="https://infraprimelogistics.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Infraprime Logistics Technologies</a> (IPLTEC) to provide batteries for commercial vehicles in the Indian electric vehicle market.</p>
<p>IPLTech is a Gurgaon-based heavy goods vehicle fleet service provider. The company has been trying to halve the cost of infrastructure development through a fleet of electric trucks coupled with data-driven vehicle management. The team at IPLTech has compiled datasets of project sites, crusher operators, miners, transporters, and routes on which trucks can travel. Using real-time analytics, they match unassigned orders with available vehicles.</p>
<p>This increases vehicle utilization and minimizes the chances of a few suppliers courting multiple orders. Through field operations, IPLTech has mapped data on concentrated routes in construction-heavy clusters. Leveraging this data, digital solutions are developed to provide real-time visibility to fleet operators and clients. IPLTech claims that theirelectric truck is the first of its kind heavy-duty fully electric vehicle to be integrated and deployed in India.</p>
<p>Faradion’s press statement said that “India has demonstrated a growing appetite for moving towards commercial electric vehicles, driven by the government’s target of 30% electric vehicle adoption by 2030. It has given a significant push to infrastructure by allocating $1.4 trillion (~₹105.2 trillion) for infrastructure to be invested by 2025.”</p>
<p>The company also noted that India’s allocation for the development of infrastructure of electric vehicles is higher compared to the U.K., which allocated $35 billion (~₹2.6 trillion) and the United States with an allocation of $500 billion (₹37.6 trillion) for the same period.</p>
<p>Faradion noted that its sodium-ion battery technology provides similar performance to conventional chemistries while replacing expensive materials such as cobalt and lithium with the far more abundant sodium. Unlike lithium-ion batteries, these batteries have exceptional thermal stability and safety and can be safely transported and maintained at zero volts.</p>
<p>Lithium-ion batteries are some of the most commonly used types of batteries used in electronic devices and vehicles. They are usually smaller, lighter, and more compact compared to their alternatives. However, they are delicate and need protection from being over-charged and discharged too far, which usually requires additional circuitry, making them more expensive to make. They also require much lower maintenance compared to other types of batteries.</p>
<p>Recently, researchers at the Washington State University and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory <a href="https://mercomindia.com/rresearchers-announce-cheapersodium-ion-battery/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">announced</a> that they had created a sodium-ion battery that can be made with widely and cheaply available materials. They said that these batteries work as well as commercially available lithium-ion batteries, adding that they offer similar performance and can retain more than 80% of their charge even after 1,000 charge cycles.</p>
<p>In May 2020, Mercom <a href="https://mercomindia.com/researchers-develop-new-way-turn-polymers/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">reported</a> that researchers at Purdue University, in collaboration with researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology and Tufts University, had developed a technique to turn polymers into components for batteries using microwave radiation. The paper noted that sodium-ion battery cells have been seeing a rise in popularity because sodium is more widely and easily available than lithium.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/anjana/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Anjana Parikh</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Anjana2.png" width="112" height="121" />Anjana is a news editor at Mercom India. Before joining Mercom, she held roles of senior editor, district correspondent, and sub-editor for The Times of India, Biospectrum and The Sunday Guardian. Before that, she worked at the Deccan Herald and the Asianlite as chief sub-editor and news editor. She has also contributed to The Quint, Hindustan Times, The New Indian Express, Reader’s Digest (UK edition), IndiaSe (Singapore-based magazine) and Asiaville. Anjana holds a Master’s degree in Geography from North Bengal University, and a diploma in mass communication and journalism from Guru Ghasidas University, Bhopal.</p>
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UK’s Faradion Inks Deal with Indian Startup for the Use of Sodium-Ion Batteries

<p>The Government of India wants to ensure 24&#215;7 affordable and quality power for all. Though this is an important target, the power grids across the country have historically been struggling with various issues which make this objective sound doubtful and unfeasible as of now. India is still home to millions of unlit households and suffers from long <a href="https://mercomindia.com/government-impose-penalty-discoms-power-cuts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">power outages</a>, even in the most developed cities and towns.</p>
<p>However, assuring that things <a href="https://mercomindia.com/states-urged-to-work-universal-household-electrification/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">will soon fall in line</a>, the minister for power, R. K. Singh, stated in Parliament, “The ministry of power had constituted an enquiry committee to analyze the causes of the major grid disturbances in northern region and to suggest measures to avoid recurrence of such disturbance in the future. The committee submitted the report on August 16, 2012.”</p>
<p>Singh further added, “To mitigate the issue of load encroachment, the committee recommended review of zone-3 philosophy. Subsequently, a task force on power system analysis under contingencies was constituted in December 2012, which submitted its report in August 2013. Regarding the issue of load encroachment, the task force gave its detailed recommendation on zone-3 philosophy. The recommendations of this task force have been implemented in all the five regional electricity grids in consultation with their constituents.”</p>
<p><strong>Key Measures Taken to Check Grid Outages and Power Swings</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>The operation of the power grids in the country and its monitoring are governed by the Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC) issued by Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (<a href="http://cercind.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CERC</a>). Accordingly, the operation of the regional grids is supervised by the respective Regional Load Dispatch Centers (RLDCs) whereas overall operation of the inter-regional grid is supervised by the National Load Dispatch Centre (NLDC). This includes operational measures to avoid any grid outage, on real time basis.</li>
<li>In cases of sudden disturbances which have potential to disturb prevailing load generation balance or which could result in overloading of some transmission corridors, Special Protection Schemes (SPS) have been provided on case to case basis to avoid cascade tripping and to ensure faster restoration of the electrical system.</li>
<li>In monthly meetings of Regional Power Committees (RPCs), the outage planning of inter-state and interregional transmission elements are discussed and finalized in consultation with RLDCs / NLDC.</li>
<li>The requisite protection to avoid the unwarranted tripping on lines due to power swings has been deployed in all five regional electricity grids.</li>
</ul>
<p>Singh also stated that the government has also taken steps for better protection system of electricity grids to prevent future grid disturbances.</p>
<p>Third party protection audit of all substations is carried out periodically to identify deficiencies in existing protection system. Government of India has granted funds from Power System Development Fund (PSDF) for rectification of discrepancies identified in the third-party protection audit of the states and utilities. To date, an amount of ₹31,980 million (~$465.34 million) has been sanctioned for 41 programs for renovation and upgrade of protection system. Automatic Under Frequency Load Shedding (AUFLS) protection programs have also been implemented in all the regions to improve grid’s stable operation, added Singh.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/saumy/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Saumy Prateek</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/saumy-edited-1.png" alt="Saumy Prateek" /> Saumy is a senior staff reporter with MercomIndia.com covering business and energy news since 2016. Prior to Mercom, Saumy was a copy editor at Thomson Reuters. Saumy earned his Bachelors Degree in Journalism &amp; Mass Communication from the Manipal Institute of Communication at Manipal University. <a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/saumy/">More articles from Saumy Prateek.</a></p>
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