The U.S. Department of Commerce (Commerce) has announced its preliminary determination of countervailing duties of up to 125.87% on crystalline silicon solar cells, whether or not assembled into modules, imported from India.

The preliminary duties were announced following an investigation after trade petitions were filed by the Alliance for American Solar Manufacturing and Trade last July. Commerce had initiated anti-dumping duty (AD) and countervailing duty (CVD) investigations in August 2025.

Commerce is expected to release the final determinations on countervailing duties by July 6, 2026. It is also conducting a parallel investigation to determine anti-dumping duties on solar cells imported from India.

The investigation found that India exported 232.4 million watts ($83.87 million) of solar cells in 2022, 2.05 billion watts ($760.76 million) in 2023, and 2.3 billion watts ($792.6 million) in 2024. It concluded that solar cell imports benefited from a wide array of countervailable subsidies, including export incentives, state-level industrial policies, preferential financing, and cross-border input subsidies involving China.

Commerce sought inputs into the complaints made by U.S. solar companies from Mundra Solar PV and Mundra Solar Energy, Waaree Energies, and Waaree Solar Americas. However, after submitting initial responses, Mundra Solar PV and Mundra Solar Energy withdrew from the investigation in November 2025.

It also set preliminary countervailing duties of up to 143.3% on crystalline silicon solar cell imports from Indonesia, and up to 80.67% for imports from the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos).

According to the investigation, Indonesia exported 499 million watts ($177.5 million) of solar cells in 2022, 521.85 million watts ($171.9 million) in 2023, and 1.8 billion watts ($415.2 million) in 2024. Laos exported 44,629 watts (~$6,694) of solar cells in 2023 and 1.9 billion watts ($335.7 million) in 2024.

At the time of launching the investigation, Commerce said it had been alleged that India is dumping at a rate of 123.04%, and Laos at 123.12% to 190.12%, and Indonesia at 94.36%. All three countries are dumping with a subsidy rate of more than 2%.

It had also said that India exported 2.29 GW of crystalline cells/modules worth $792.64 million to the U.S. in 2024. Laos exported 1.9 GW, valued at $335.73 million, and Indonesia exported 1.8 GW of cells and modules, valued at $415.19 million.