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					</table><p>An international team of researchers has developed a new technique to enhance the durability of inverted perovskite solar cells, which can be an essential step toward commercializing emerging photovoltaic technology and significantly reducing the cost.</p>
<p>The work was published in <em>Science</em> and included researchers from the <a href="https://www.utoronto.ca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Toronto</a>, <a href="https://www.northwestern.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Northwestern University</a>, the <a href="https://www.utoledo.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Toledo</a>, and the <a href="https://www.washington.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">University of Washington</a>.</p>
<p>Perovskite solar cells are made from nano-sized crystals, unlike traditional solar cells built out from high-purity silicon wafers. These perovskite crystals can be dispersed into a liquid and spin-coated onto a surface using low-cost and well-established techniques.</p>
<p>&#8220;Perovskite solar cells have the potential to overcome the inherent efficiency limitations of silicon solar cells,&#8221; said study co-author Ted Sargent.</p>
<p>However, one place where perovskites still lag silicon is in their long-term durability.</p>
<p><strong>Perovskite Prone to Degradation</strong></p>
<p>One key point of vulnerability in these types of solar cells is the interface between the perovskite layer and the adjacent layers, called the carrier transport layer.</p>
<p>These adjacent layers extract the electrons or holes flowing through the circuit. In cases where the chemical bonding between these layers and the perovskite layer gets damaged by light or heat, the electrons or holes can&#8217;t get into the circuit, lowering the cell&#8217;s overall efficiency.</p>
<p>To address this issue, the international research team used computer simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) to predict what kind of molecules would best create a bridge between the perovskite layer and the charge transport layers.</p>
<p><strong>Lewis Acids Prevents Degradation</strong></p>
<p>&#8220;Previous research has shown that molecules known as Lewis bases are good for creating strong bonding between these layers,&#8221; said Bin Chen, a research assistant professor at Northwestern University and a co-author of the paper.</p>
<p>The simulations also predicted that Lewis acids, which contained phosphorus, would have the best effect.</p>
<p>In the lab, the team tried out various formulations of phosphorus-containing molecules. Their experiments showed the best performance with a material known as 1,3 bis (diphenylphosphino)propane, or DPPP.</p>
<p>The team built inverted perovskite solar cells that contained DPPP and some without it.</p>
<p>&#8220;With DPPP, under ambient conditions—that is, no additional heating—the overall power conversion efficiency of the cell stayed high for approximately 3,500 hours,&#8221; the researcher said.</p>
<p>The perovskite solar cells that have been previously recorded, tend to have seen a significant drop in their efficiency after 1,500 to 2,000 hours – thus, this is a considerable improvement.</p>
<p>The team has applied for a patent for the DPPP technique and has received interest from commercial solar cell manufacturers.</p>
<p>&#8220;I think what we&#8217;ve done is to show a new path forward—that DFT simulations and rational design can point the way toward promising solutions,&#8221; he says.</p>
<p>Researchers at the École Polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea have recently <a href="https://mercomindia.com/researchers-improve-perovskite-solar-cells-degradation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">identified</a> the cause behind the degradation of perovskite solar cells and developed a technique to improve its stability.</p>
<p>In the same month, researchers at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin <a href="https://mercomindia.com/perovskite-cells-retain-efficiency-during-fluctuations/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said</a> that they had produced perovskite solar cells to achieve efficiencies of well above 24%, which are resistant to drop under rapid temperature fluctuations between -60 and +80 degrees Celsius over one hundred cycles.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Gautamee Hazarika</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><div class="designboxt">
<p><img class="alignleft" style="border-radius: 50%;height: 50px;margin-top: -4px;border: 1px solid #00b451" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="50" /></p>
<p><strong style="text-decoration: underline">Gautamee,</strong> Staff reporter at Mercom India<br />
<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee.</a><br />
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<a href="gautamee@mercomindia.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">gautamee@mercomindia.com</a></p>
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<div class="authorboxn"><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Picture1.jpg" width="102" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">Gautamee</a> is a reporter at Mercom India. Prior to Mercom, Gautamee was working as a multimedia news journalist at ThePrint in New Delhi. She has received her Bachelors in English Honors and Masters in English Literature from St.Stephen&#8217;s College, University of Delhi.<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gautamee-hazarika/" rel="noopener">More articles from Gautamee</a></div>
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Researchers Say Perovskite Durability Improves With New Material Layer

<p>Researchers at the <a href="https://www.arci.res.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">International Advanced Research Center for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials</a>, India, claimed that they have increased the efficiency and stability of Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>)-nanorods-based perovskite solar cells using a new process.</p>
<p>The researchers devised a process varying the length and porosity of TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods to develop stable light-harvesting active layers. They established a correlation between the lengths of TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods and the porosity of the electrode for the ambient processed perovskite solar cells.</p>
<p>To enhance the efficiency and stability of solar cells, the researchers controlled nanostructures of TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods by varying the concertation of titania precursor and the growth time.</p>
<p>The researchers explained that electrodes&#8217; porosity plays a vital role in perovskite infiltration and sensitization. The inter-pore distance between two TiO<sub>2</sub> nanorods determines the porosity of photo-electrodes, and the porosity varies in line with the growth of nanorod length increases.</p>
<p>“In this work, we had precise control over the length, porosity, and morphology of TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods from compact film to nanostructured film,” said the researchers.</p>
<p>They developed perovskite solar cells with 350nm TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods that exhibited better efficiency when compared with the conventional Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP-TiO<sub>2</sub>). The similar thickness of NP-TiO<sub>2</sub>-based device exhibited less photocurrent value than nanorods-TiO<sub>2</sub>, which was attributed to the dense packing of 20nm TiO<sub>2</sub> particles inhibiting the loading of perovskite. The high crystallinity of the TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods provided a low resistance to the flow of electrons in the electron transport layer. The crystalline structure of the electron transport layer also significantly influenced the stability of perovskite solar cells.</p>
<p>The research team lead, Dr. V. Ganapathy,  explains, “The decomposition of perovskite absorber is a critical factor behind the performance degradation of perovskite solar cells. Given the similar nature of perovskite, enhanced stability of TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorod perovskite solar cell is attributed to slow ion migration across thermodynamically stable rutile TiO<sub>2</sub>-nanorods/MAPbl<sub>3</sub> interface.”</p>
<p>Perovskite solar cells are commercially attractive because of their potential to achieve higher efficiencies at low production costs. They have seen constant experimentation by various research teams to help enhance its long-term stability.</p>
<p>In July 2021, a team of researchers from the University of Arizona <a href="https://mercomindia.com/new-printing-process-to-increase/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">worked</a> on a new printing process called restricted area printing by ink drawing to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells.</p>
<p>Mercom had earlier <a href="https://mercomindia.com/nanoparticle-paste-to-maximize-perovskite-solar-cells/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> that researchers at the ITMO University&#8217;s School of Engineering developed a paste of titanium dioxide and resonant silicon nanoparticles to maximize perovskite solar cells’ efficiency.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Harsh Shukla</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><p><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Harsh-Shukla-293x300-1-new.jpg" width="99" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong style="color: #00b451">Harsh Shukla</strong> </a>is a staff reporter at Mercom India. Previously with Indian Express, he has covered general interest stories. He holds a Masters Degree in Journalism from Symbiosis Institute of Media and Communication, Pune.</p>
<p><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/harsh-shukla/">More articles from Harsh Shukla.</a></p>
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New Process to Enhance Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

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