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					</table>The Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (<a href="https://www.cercind.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CERC</a>) has approved tariffs of ₹3.48 (~$0.04)/kWh and ₹3.49 (~$0.04)/kWh for <a href="https://www.nhpcindia.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NHPC</a>’s 960 MW wind-solar hybrid power projects.
The Commission also held that the trading margin would be charged per the provisions of the power sale agreements (PSAs), which are yet to be signed.
Background
NHPC had <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/nhpc-wind-solar-hybrid-project" target="_blank" rel="noopener">floated</a> a tender to develop 1,500 MW wind-solar hybrid power projects in November 2023.
It received bids from three companies, totaling 1,200 MW in capacity. All three companies qualified for the e-reverse auction.
Energizent Power bid for 300 MW at a tariff of ₹3.49 (~$0.04)/kWh. Juniper Green Energy bid for 150 MW at a tariff of ₹3.52 (~$0.04)/kWh, and Avaada Energy bid for 750 MW at a tariff of ₹3.63 (~$0.041)/kWh.
Out of the 1,200 MW capacity bid for, 960 MW was allocated due to a tender clause restricting the total awarded capacity to 80% of the total quantity.
Consequently, NHPC <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/juniper-o2-avaada-win-nhpcs-hybrid-auction" target="_blank" rel="noopener">awarded</a> 150 MW to Juniper Green Energy at a tariff of ₹3.48 (~$0.04)/kWh, 300 MW to Energizent Power at a tariff of ₹3.49 (~$0.04)/kWh, and 510 MW to Avaada Energy at a tariff of ₹3.49 (~$0.04)/kWh.
To offtake the power from its wind-solar hybrid power projects, NHPC had sought in-principle consent from states/distribution companies (DISCOMs) for procuring 960 MW of power.
Nagaland’s Department of Power had consented to procure 88 MW at a tariff of ₹3.56 (~$0.041)/kWh.
The West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company had initially given its consent to offtake up to 450 MW of wind-solar hybrid power. However, the consent was later rescinded.
NHPC is yet to receive consent for the balance capacity.
NHPC approached the CERC to approve the tariffs of ₹3.48 (~$0.04)/kWh for 150 MW capacity and ₹3.49 (~$0.04)/kWh for the remaining 810 MW and to condone the delay in its approaching the Commission for this purpose.
It stated that the projects are expected to be commissioned in 2026-2027, 24 months from the signing of the power purchase agreements (PPAs).
NHPC also submitted that the tariffs were discovered through competitive bidding processes and were less than the DISCOMs’ conventional power procurement costs.
It also requested the Commission to approve a trading margin of ₹0.07 (~$0.0008)/kWh.
Commission’s Analysis
CERC observed that the tariffs were discovered through a fair and transparent bidding process.
The Commission also held that NHPC must inform when the awarded capacity is tied up in PPAs and PSAs. NHPC must also notify if any capacity is not tied up in PPAs and PSAs.
CERC rejected NHPC’s petition to approve the trading margin of ₹0.07 (~$0.0008)/kWh. It noted that since the capacities have yet to be tied up with the DISCOMs, the trading margin will be as per the provisions of the PSAs yet to be signed.
However, if NHPC fails to provide an escrow arrangement or an irrevocable, unconditional, and revolving letter of credit to the wind-solar power generators, the trading margin will be limited to ₹0.02 (~$0.0002)/kWh.
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CERC Approves Tariffs for 960 MW Wind-Solar Hybrid Projects

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					</table>Hybrid power projects are emerging as key players in Türkiye&#8217;s pursuit of solar energy goals because of their capability to generate electricity from both primary and secondary sources connected to the grid at the same location, an energy think tank, <a href="https://ember-climate.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ember</a>, reported.
The implementation of hybrid power projects and the conversion of existing power projects to hybrids where solar is the secondary source became possible in Türkiye through a regulatory amendment in 2020.
As of the end of 2023, solar was the secondary source for all 240 operational and planned hybrid power projects in Türkiye.
The strategic integration of solar power provides additional electricity generation, optimizing infrastructure costs by connecting to the grid from the same point as the primary source.
According to the report, hybrid solar power projects can help Türkiye achieve its clean energy targets by allowing solar potential to be utilized together with other renewable generation.
The report delves into the installed capacity, project pipeline, and allocated grid capacity of hybrid solar power projects in Türkiye as of the end of 2023.
Solar Capacity Surpasses Wind
Officially reported installed capacity statistics indicate Türkiye&#8217;s solar capacity reaching 11.7 GW and wind capacity at 11.8 GW by the end of 2023. However, these figures exclude the secondary solar capacity installed in hybrid power projects.
According to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (<a href="https://erranet.org/member/emra-turkiye/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">EMRA</a>), Türkiye has incorporated 510 MW of secondary solar capacity as of 2024, propelling total solar capacity to surpass wind at 12.2 GW.
<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="aligncenter wp-image-63736" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar.png" alt="Ember report on Turkey Hybrid Solar" width="600" height="375" srcset="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar.png 748w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar-300x187.png 300w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar-650x406.png 650w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar-624x390.png 624w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Ember-report-on-Turkey-Hybrid-Solar-600x375.png 600w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" />
Ember states that the absence of hybrid capacity in official statistics undermines the accuracy of analysis and planning. Constituting 4.2% of total installed solar capacity, the inclusion of hybrid solar capacity in official statistics is crucial for a more comprehensive understanding of Türkiye’s renewable energy landscape.
Hybrid solar capacity predominantly integrates with wind power installations, with 63% of the secondary solar capacity installed in 14 projects where wind serves as the primary source.
The synergy between solar and wind, characterized by their inverse hourly generation patterns, allows for a more stable generation profile in wind-solar hybrid power projects.
While hydro comes second after wind with 80 MW of secondary installed solar capacity, all of this capacity is concentrated in the Aşağı Kaleköy Hydroelectric Power Project (HEPP), the sole hydro-solar hybrid project in Türkiye.
Regional Concentration and Hybrid Solar Generation
Hybrid power projects are distributed across 28 provinces in Türkiye, with significant capacity concentrated in specific regions.
Provinces such as Uşak, Bingöl, and Sivas host the highest hybrid solar capacity, accounting for 42% of the total installed capacity. Furthermore, Konya and Karaman, featuring both wind and high solar potential, contribute an additional 15% to the overall capacity.
The estimated annual generation of hybrid solar power projects, considering installed capacity and solar potential, is close to 800 GWh. This represents 4.2% of Türkiye’s total solar energy production in 2023.
The report noted that despite regulatory amendments in October 2023, which require reporting electricity generation from secondary sources and distinguishing solar and wind capacities at the regional level, challenges persist.
Hybrid solar generation data remains included as part of the primary source in official data before November 2023, impacting the accuracy of past generation records.
According to the report, despite the challenges, Türkiye&#8217;s hybrid solar capacity holds promise. With permitting processes completed for a capacity four times the current installed capacity, there is 1.9 GW of approved hybrid solar capacity yet to be installed, equivalent to 16% of all installed solar capacity in the country.
Floating Solar as a Catalyst for Hybrid Capacity Development
Exploring the potential of floating solar, Türkiye currently has 80 GW of untapped capacity. Despite this, no floating solar projects have been integrated into hybrid power projects, except for the Aşağı Kaleköy HEPP with ground-mounted solar modules.
Türkiye took a significant step towards utilizing floating solar potential through a bill submitted in January that allowed floating solar installations on dammed hydro reservoirs.
The bill paved the way for the designation of renewable energy resource areas on power project reservoirs, enabling floating solar tenders alongside the installation of secondary solar capacity on water surfaces at hybrid power plants.
Transparent and Comprehensive Energy Strategy
While Türkiye has made strides in incorporating hybrid power projects into its energy landscape, challenges persist, including the need for transparent capacity allocation processes and comprehensive planning.
A regulatory amendment in October 2023 addressing solar and wind capacities at the regional level was a positive step.
Ember stated that for Türkiye to reach its 53 GW solar capacity target by 2035, a holistic energy strategy that considers the role of hybrid power projects and floating solar power and anticipates their installations is crucial.
The journey to unlock Türkiye&#8217;s solar potential continues, with hybrid power projects poised to be instrumental in achieving the nation&#8217;s renewable energy ambitions.
In an earlier webinar <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/insurance-prominence-wind-solar-hybrid-projects-centerstage" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hosted</a> by Mercom India, industry experts discussed how wind-solar hybrid projects are a practical solution to tackle the intermittency issues of standalone wind and solar energy sources and are poised to play a critical role as a generation source going forward.
Mercom earlier <a href="https://www.mercomindia.com/top-developments-wind-hybrid-market-2023" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> the top developments that influenced the wind and hybrid power market in India during 2023.

Türkiye’s Hybrid Projects Help Solar Surpass Wind Capacity with 11.7 GW

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