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					</table><p>In a new study focused on increasing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), materials scientists examined the non-radiative recombination sites in PSCs, which is one of the primary reasons for loss of voltage leading to the deterioration of cell efficiency.</p>
<p>The experiment was focused on passivating the interfaces between perovskite absorber and charge transport layers (CTL) by penetrating the mixed cation of GuaBr (guanidinium bromide) and OABr (n-octylammonium bromide) into the perovskite bulk.</p>
<p>The research is published in the scientific journal <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/16146840" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Advanced Energy Materials</a>.</p>
<p>The scientists concluded that surface-treated perovskite solar cells with the mix of OABr and GuaBr outperformed their single spacer cation counterparts in short-circuit current density (Jsc), power conversion efficiency, and stability.</p>
<p>The team found that large alkylammonium cations (spacer cations) have an improved hydrophobic nature resulting in effective passivation in conjunction with enhanced PSC stability.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-36791" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells.png" alt="Perovskite Cells" width="524" height="430" srcset="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells.png 524w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells-300x246.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 524px) 100vw, 524px" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;">Schematic illustration showing a) device structure and b) the surface incorporation of GuaBr, OABr, and their mixture Source: Wiley</h6>
<p>The experiment targeted voltage loss due to recombination, which occurs in PSCs through the perovskite bulk, the perovskite/ ETL or HTL interfaces, and between the ETL and HTL through shunt pathways. The scientists used the mechanics of dimensional engineering to incorporate bulky organic cations in PSCs that form low-dimensional columnar (1D) or layered (2D) crystal structures.</p>
<p>The scientists studied a mix of 1D and 2D or 2D and 3D perovskite structures, which would improve the stability and efficiency of the PSC device. They discovered that interfacial passivation with a 1D/ 2D capping layer could be obtained by depositing a 3D perovskite photoactive layer and an isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or chloroform solution of 1D/ 3D spacer cations.</p>
<p>The team observed a few recent experiments where scientists used a single spacer cation (OABr), resulting in conversion efficiency of 23.38% but with poor device stability. The study revealed that incorporating GuaBr cations as the surface passivation layer between the perovskite and HTL improved the stability of the PSC device.</p>
<p>Guanidinium cations are smaller and provide bulk passivation, making it easier for the Gua ions to penetrate the perovskite bulk. The compound localizes at the grain boundaries where it forms hydrogen bonds with undercoordinated iodine species resulting in the suppression of charge recombination— ultimately preventing the current loss in the PSC device.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img decoding="async" loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-36794" src="https://mercomindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells-Efficiency-1.png" alt="Perovskite Cells Efficiency" width="572" height="385" srcset="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells-Efficiency-1.png 572w, https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Perovskite-Cells-Efficiency-1-300x202.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px" /></p>
<h6 style="text-align: center;">a) ssPL spectra and b) TRPL of control and passivated perovskite films, alongside PL images of c) control, d) G, e) O, and f) 1G-1O-passivated perovskite films. Source: Wiley</h6>
<p>The scientists then fabricated the PSCs under four conditions, including control samples with no passivation on the HTL/ perovskite interface and various conditions of passivation layers on the HTL side comprising GuaBr and OABr individually and a mixture of both.</p>
<p>The ratio between GuaBr and OABr components was optimized with three varying volume ratios: 1:1 (1G-1O); 1:2, (1G-2O); and 2:1, named 2G-1O.</p>
<p>Another research from the ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science recently <a href="https://mercomindia.com/researchers-claim-higher-conversion-efficiencies-perovskite-solar-glass/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">achieved</a> PCEs of 15.5% and 4.1% in solar glass, with varying prototype semiconductor solar cells made of perovskite materials. The solar glass had a visible transmittance percentage of 20.7% and 52.4%, respectively, which could be used in the windows of tall buildings.</p>
<p>Materials scientists at the UCLA Samueli School of Engineering and researchers from five other varsities recently <a href="https://mercomindia.com/scientists-develop-new-method/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">demonstrated</a> a simple surface adjustment in the manufacturing of perovskite solar cells to overcome the degradation of cells due to prolonged exposure to sunlight.</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/gourav-mishra/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Gourav Mishra</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><div class="designboxt">
<p><img class="alignleft" style="border-radius: 50%;height: 50px;margin-top: -4px;border: 1px solid #00b451" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/WhatsApp-Image-2022-04-06-at-6.37.25-PM-1-1.jpeg" width="50" /></p>
<p><strong style="text-decoration: underline">Gourav,</strong> Staff reporter at Mercom India<br />
<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gourav-mishra/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Gourav.</a></p>
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<div class="authorboxn"><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/WhatsApp-Image-2022-04-06-at-6.37.25-PM-1-1.jpeg" width="89" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gourav-mishra/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Gourav</a> is a staff reporter with Mercom India with over six years of experience in various roles with NewsX, The New Indian Express, IBTimes India, and U.S., Republic, and Analytics India Magazine. Gourav has a Master&#8217;s in journalism from Jain University, Bengaluru. <a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/gourav-mishra/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Gourav Mishra</a></div>
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Researchers use Spacer Cations for Higher Conversion Efficiency in Perovskite Cells

<p>To help the electric vehicle (EV) sector grow in Uttar Pradesh, the Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission (UPERC) has proposed tariffs for EV charging stations in the state. The proposal is up for comments up to March 6, 2019. The UPERC will hold a public hearing to discuss the matter on March 7, 2019.</p>
<p>UPERC conducted a workshop on “Technosphere of EVs-Charging Infrastructure, power demand estimation, and pricing issues.” It was proposed that a new category by the name ‘EV Charging’ will be created in the rate schedule.</p>
<p><strong>Key Highlights</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>All the metered domestic consumers covered under the light motor vehicle (LMV)-1 category will be allowed to charge their EVs at their residence. In such cases, the load of EV must not exceed the connected/contracted load.</li>
<li>Those who wish to install an EV charging station in the premises of a multistoried building will have to take a separate connection for an EV charging station.</li>
<li>For multistoried building covered under LMV-1b, the charge will be ₹6.20 (~$0.087)/kWh, for multistoried buildings covered under heavy vehicles (HV)-1b, the charge will be 5.90 (~$0.083)/kWh.</li>
<li>For low tension public charging stations, the charge will be ₹7.70 (~$0.11)/kWh, and for high tension public charging stations, the charge will be ₹7.30 (~$0.10)/kWh.</li>
<li>The consumers of other categories (metered consumers of LMV-2(a), LMV2(c), LMV-4, LMV6, LMV-7, LMV-8 (Metered), LMV-9 (Metered), HV-1, HV-2, HV-3, and HV-4) can do the charging within their respective connections, provided the load of EV does not exceed the connected/contracted load.</li>
<li>The consumer should use precaution to take an adequate contracted load to meet the load of charging of EV. In case the contracted/connected load is breached then the consumer will be liable to pay the penalty.</li>
<li>Other provisions of “General Provisions of Rate Schedule and Electricity Supply Code” will also come into effect in case consumer’s load breaches the contracted demand.</li>
</ul>
<p>This draft indicates that the state is gearing up for a sustained EV revolution. <a href="https://mercomindia.com/uttar-pradesh-ev-manufacturing-policy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">In 2018</a>, the Uttar Pradesh state government had created a roadmap for promoting the development of EV vehicle manufacturing capacity in the state, called the Draft Uttar Pradesh Electric Vehicles (EVs) Manufacturing Policy 2018.</p>
<p><a href="https://mercomindia.com/telangana-ev-charging-station-tariff-6-kwh/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">In November 2018</a>, Telangana State Electricity Regulatory Commission (<a href="http://www.tserc.gov.in/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TSERC</a>) approved a tariff of Rs.6.00 (~$ 0.083)/kWh for electric vehicle charging or battery swapping stations.</p>
<p>Image credit: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> Wikimedia Commons</p>
<div class="saboxplugin-wrap" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person" itemscope itemprop="author"><div class="saboxplugin-tab"><div class="saboxplugin-gravatar"></div><div class="saboxplugin-authorname"><a href="https://cms.mercomindia.com/author/saumy/" class="vcard author" rel="author"><span class="fn">Saumy Prateek</span></a></div><div class="saboxplugin-desc"><div itemprop="description"><div class="designboxt">
<p><img class="alignleft" style="border-radius: 50%;height: 50px;margin-top: -4px;border: 1px solid #00b451" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/saumy-edited-1.png" width="50" /></p>
<p><strong style="text-decoration: underline">Saumy Prateek</strong> Staff reporter at Mercom India<br />
<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/saumy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">More articles from Saumy Prateek</a></p>
</div>
<div class="authorboxn"><img class="alignleft" src="https://mercomindia.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/saumy-edited-1.png" width="79" height="102" /><a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/saumy/" rel="noopener"><strong>Saumy Prateek, </strong> </a>is a senior staff reporter with MercomIndia.com covering business and energy news since 2016. Prior to Mercom, Saumy was a copy editor at Thomson Reuters. Saumy earned his Bachelors Degree in Journalism &amp; Mass Communication from the Manipal Institute of Communication at Manipal University.<a href="https://mercomindia.com/author/saumy/">More articles from Saumy Prateek.</a></div>
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Uttar Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission Proposes EV Charging Tariff

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